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BLINKER MESSAGE DUPLICATES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purpose : Enable warnings for duplicate modules within libraries
Syntax : BLINKER MESSAGE DUPLICATES
Default : OFF
This command causes Blinker to generate the 1004 link-time warning
message for all duplicate symbols encountered at link-time.
This command can be a very useful debugging tool for identifying
duplicate modules among the files and libraries used in linking a
program. The first module listed in the Blinker message 1004 is the
module which is actually linked. The second module in the 1004 message
is the duplicate and is ignored unless overridden with the MODULE FROM
command.
The following modules (and included symbols) are processed at link-time
and listed in the first half of the VERBOSE output. Each of these
symbols will be listed in the generated 1004 messages if another
processed symbol has the same name.
o All modules specified in a FILE command.
o Those modules extracted from a library to resolve external references .
o All modules within a SEARCHed library.
Note that there may be numerous duplicated modules/symbols in the
included libraries which are not reported when BLINKER MESSAGE
DUPLICATES is used, since one or both of the modules are not processed.
For optimal use of this command, it will help to understand the section
"Details of the link process" in Chapter 3, which is a discussion of the
method by which Blinker processes the files and libraries included in a
single link. This method determines which modules are processed, and
hence which modules are identified as duplicates in the output generated
by the BLINKER MESSAGE DUPLICATES command.
To obtain a list of all duplicated modules relevant to your program by
using this command in conjunction with the VERBOSE command:
(1) List all possible duplicates:
The first half of the VERBOSE output will identify all modules processed
during linking. The duplicates among these modules will be reported by
the BLINKER MESSAGE DUPLICATES command. Since you can force all modules
within a library to be processed by SEARCHing that library, SEARCHing
all included libraries will cause all modules within the program to be
processed, and hence cause all duplicates to be listed. Linking with all
these SEARCHes is only intended to produce the desired duplicate
messages, not a viable .EXE.
(2) Identify only those modules used in the program:
The second half of the VERBOSE output will identify only those modules
actually included in the final executable file. The symbols highlighted
as duplicates whose modules appear in the second half of the VERBOSE
listing are the ones to examine. Generally all duplicates between third
party libraries or files which are provided by the same vendor are
intended and can be ignored; also those duplicates between a third party
product and a compiler library can be assumed to be intended.
See Also:
VERBOSE
MODULE
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